ANNOUNCEMENT - UNSUBSCRIBED NEWSLETTER

START FROM YEAR 2020, WE DECIDED TO UNSUBSCRIBED NEWSLETTERS FROM THE COMPANIES  WHICH SENT TO US MORE THAN 3 NEWSLETTERS  IN A MONTH.

ANY COMPANIES SEND THE NEWSLETTERS TO OUR EMAIL ADDRESS MORE THAN 3  IN A MONTH, WE WILL TAKE 3 ACTIONS IMMEDIATELY AS PER BELOW:

1.  BLOCK THE COMPANY EMAIL ADDRESS

2. WE WILL NOT READ THROUGH THE COMPANY PACKAGE ANYMORE

3. WE WILL NOT COOPERATE WITH THE COMPANY IF THEY ARE NOT OUR EXISTING SUPPLIER /  WE WILL TERMINATE SERVICE WITH THE COMPANY IF THEY ARE OUR EXISTING SUPPLIER

HERE, WE WOULD LIKE EMPHASIZED THAT TOURISM PRODUCT IS NOT A RETAIL PRODUCT , IT IS ABOUT PROFESSIONAL SERVICE .THEY HAVE THEIR VALUE ITSELF.

PLEASE DO NOT APPLY RETAIL PRODUCT SELLING  SKILL INTO TOURISM SERVICE .


WE RECEIVED MANY INCOMING EMAIL EVERYDAY  AND TRY OUR BEST TO REPLY  EACH.WE ALSO TIRED OUR BEST TO READ THROUGH ALL THE TRAVEL PRODUCT FROM ALL THE COMPANIES. WE BELIEVE WE HAVE TO SUPPORT EACH OTHER IN SUCH AS COMPETITIVE INDUSTRY.

BUT,

SOME OF THE COMPANIES SENT MORE THAN 20 NEWSLETTERS TO US IN A MONTH.  YOU HAVE NO RIGHT TO APPLY SUCH AS "INHUMAN MARKETING WAY " TO HARASS OUR ADMIN OFFICER. YOUR COMPANY NEWSLETTERS IS TOO FREQUENT AND HAD BEEN CREATE AN UNCOMFORTABLE HARASSMENT TO US.

SOME OF COMPANIES EVEN WORSE , THEY SUBSCRIBE OUR EMAIL AGAIN AFTER WE UNSUBSCRIBE IT. IT IS REALLY SPEECHLESS.

MAJORITY TRAVEL AGENCY /COMPANY FROM INDONESIA , INDIA , NEPAL AND SRI LANKA , SAME COMPANY BUT SENT THE NEWSLETTERS TO US WITH DIFFERENT KIND OF EMAIL ADDRESS WITH HIGH FREQUENCY. IT IS TOTALLY SPEECHLESS.


THEREFORE , IF YOUR COMPANY APPLY SUCH AS INHUMAN MARKETING WAY TO HARASS US . WE BELIEVE THAT YOU ALSO WILL HARASS OUR CUSTOMERS IN  OTHERS INHUMAN WAY.

WE HOPE WE CAN GAIN THE RESPECT  FROM EACH OTHER AND WORK TOGETHER PEACEFULLY IN  SUSTAINABLE TOURISM INDUSTRY.

THANKS

MALAYSIA PENANG

PENANG HILL

Offering spectacular panoramic views of the bustling island below, Penang Hill has been a delightful retreat from the scorching heat and sweltering humidity of George Town.

PENANG BOTANIC GARDENS

Established by the British n 1884 from an old quarry site, this public park is unique as it is the only garden of this kind in Malaysia. It is also home to various wildlife as well as a host of insects and birds.

KAPITAN KELING MOSQUE

Founded by Penang’s first Indian Muslim settlers in 1801, this is the largest historic mosque in George Town. The mosque is a sight to behold with its Moghul domes, towering minarets and calligraphy panels.

GODDESS OF MERCY TEMPLE

This temple was built in the 19^th century by the first Hokkien and Cantonese settlers in Penang. It is popular among the Chinese who gather here to worship especially on the first and 15^th day of the Chinese Lunar Calendars.

ARULMIGU BALTHANDAYUTHPNI TEMPLE

The newly built hilltop temple,with its seven storey 21.6 m tal gopuram ( main tower ) and over 500 steps leading from the foothill to its 20000 sq ft hall, has been touted as the largest Lord Muruga temple outside India.

CATHEDRAL OF THE ASSUMPTION

Built by the Eurasians in 1786, this church holds the status of World Heritage Church and house Malaysia’s oldest pipe organ in regular use, which was built in 1914.

FORT CORNWALLI

This is the historical site that Captain Francis Light landed on n 1786. The present star shape structure was complete in the early 19^th century and has several cannos guarding the fort.

TURKEY ISTANBUL -SHOPPING HEAVEN

SHOPPING

One of the most important Ottoman Institutions that ensured the longevity of the state was the Vakif (religious foundations) systems. According to this system, when a mosque was commissioned a set of buildings was also planned to generate income, to meet the future expenses of employees, repairs and maintenance costs . One obvious choice was market buildings.So the story of Kapali Carsi (Covered Bazaar) started in that manner and they became the most visited places of Istanbul.KAPALII CARSI reached its present form over a period of 250 years and today everything from antiques to jewellery, from gold to cheap souvenir is sold in over 3000 shops. 

The original intention of Sultan Memet the conqueror was that this should generate income for the upkeep of Ayasofya. The Misir Carsissi had a similar item aim; it was intended to provide for Yeni Cami ( New Mosque) . Today both KAPALI CARSI and Misir Carsisi are places where plenty of alternatives for purchasing souvenirs and mementos to remind Istanbul could be found. Both used to be primary trading places during the Ottoman Period and today some traditional wares are still sold. Other products, however, are more modern. In this way these venues of Istanbul bring old and new, traditional and modern together. 

Along the street between Kapali Cari and Nur-u Osmaniye Mosque are shops selling authentic Eastern wares such as carperts. The Arasta Carsisi ( Arasta Bazaar) , situated behind the Sultan Ahmet Mosque, is yet another place where authentic goods and handicraft souvenirs can be found. Sultahnahmet and its environs are other such areas. Old book enthusiasts should visit the Sahaflar Carsisis (bookseller’s market) , which is situated between Beyazit Mosque and Kapali Carsi.

Among Istanbul’s shopping facilities you can find places selling simple jewellery and authentic handicraft as well as shops selling famous world brands. The first place that comes to mind is ISTIKLAL STREET. In the larger shops you could find the most expensive world brands as well as smaller shops in the passages selling diverse goods. Musical instruments, simple jewellery , readymade clothing , old books and many individual shops line the street.. 

The RIMEL STREET in Harbiye district is a famous for international brands of ready-made clothing and accessories.  

In Kadikoy, Bagdat Street is also lined with shops. Apart from the more luxurious shops there are others in different parts of Kadikoy providing reasonable quality and prices. Antique dealers can be found along the Tellalzad Street in the market. On the Kadikoy Sanatcilar Sokagi( the Artist Road) along the road from Kadikoy to Bahariye you can buy artefacts produced in the workshops of ceramic artists, painters and sculptors.

If you do not want to spend too much time shopping by wandering in the streets, there are many shoppings centres in Istanbul that gather many brands and types of goods under one roof.

TURKEY ISTANBUL - ENTERTAINMENT &ACCOMMODATION & INTERCITY TRANSPORT

ENTERTAINMENT

Istanbul never sleeps. The morning starts before dawn with the departure of the fishermen to Istanbul Strait. Then come the fly fishers who go to the Galata Bridge to try their luck in the waters of the Golden Horn. Daylight brings the employees rushing to reach their workplaces on time, reminding visitors that Istanbul is a metropolis. Those who have to across the waters have their preferred breakfast simits (bread rings laced with sesame seeds and dripped in diluted grape molasses before baking) on board and share part of it with the seagulls chasing the boats.

At the end of the day, when the sun starts, the city begins to shimmer. Now the movement is towards the entertainment centres where the whole fatigue of the day is cast away.

Istanbul is a centre of social and culture life. It was declared European Capital of Culture 2010 and every year its historic cultural riches are complemented by exhibitions of world renowned artists. International arts and music festivals bring artists and art lovers together. Istanbul hosts cultural and artistic activities of young generations in 1000 year old venues, deserving its claim to be the Capital of Culture. Some of the open air events and events held in historic venues with superb acoustics are unique experiences not to be missed.

In Beyoglu you can find 24 hour entertainment. There are beer houses where oriental music is performed, cafes and bars, as well as old style drinking dens in the Cicek Pasaji (Flower Passage) and on Asmalimescit Road of Beyoglu , which are the most popular spots.

Nisantasi and Etiler are also renowned as luxurious entertainment venues.

Taksim and the coasts of Istanbul Strait boast prominent entertainment facilities.

On the Anatolian side, the bars in Kadikoy offer a night life that is well worth a visit. There are also seaside cafes and restaurants. If you are looking for more Turkish style entertainment venues, try one of the authentic fishermen’s drinking dens in Kumkapi and Yenikapi.

ACCOMMODATION

Together with Antalya, Istanbul is the most visited city by foreign holidaymakers in Turkey.It is also one of the prime congress centres of Europe, with many modern facilities. It provides accommodation of every type, including luxurious hotels, boutique hotels surrounded by historical buildings and historic hotels.

INTERCITY TRANSPORT

Transport in Istanbul depends greatly on city buses. There are about 500 routes regularly serve by buses. As the Istanbul Strait facilitates sea travel, there are regular boat services. The bus terminals on both sides of Istanbul Strait are connected by ferries crossing from Sirkerci Haydarpasa, Karakoy and Eminonu, which provide a very pleasant mode of transport. Uskudar is connected to Karakoy and Eminonu by ferry and there are regular boat services to the Prince Islands departing from Sirkeci, Kadikoy, Bostanci, Kabatas and Kartal. There are also fast catamaran services to the Prince Islands departing from Sirkeci, Bostanci and Kabatas. Detailed information about these services , schedules and  cancellations, can be obtained from the website of Istanbul Sea Buses Corp. (IDO)  where you can alsp purchase tickets online .www.ido.com.tr

Underground Metro lines , metrobus connection and taxis are other options for travel in Istanbul.

A nostalgic ride can be enjoyed on board an historical tram at Istiklal Street of Beyoglu. The Tunnel, an underground funicular, designed and built in the late19th century to climb the steep incline between Karakoy on the Halic shore and the hilltop Beyoglu, also provides an enjoyable excursion.

TURKEY ISTANBUL: THE CONGRESS CENTRE

ISTANBUL: THE CONGRESS CENTRE

Istanbul ranks 19^th among the world congress cities and 12^th among European cities. Istanbul has modern congress facilities and centres to accommodate all needs, so it could be the preferred city for your meetings too. There are both privately owned congress facilities and luxury hotels offering special deals for congress and meetings.

EATING AND DRINKING

Luxurious restaurants and historical buildings converted into restaurants showcase the delicacies of Turkish and international cuisine in Istanbul with the additional bonus of the postcard perfect scenery of the Istanbul Strait and panoramic views over Istanbul.

Historical site that reflect the different features of Istanbul’s past are some of the possible venues for a refined dinner. If you are opt to have your dinner with a view of the Istanbul Strait and a panorama of Topkapi Palacee , Ayasofya or Sultanahmet there  are many restaurants available to meet these criteria, situated in fully modernized historical buildings. You can find virtually any cuisine in Istanbul, from any culture and style aplenty. Our recommendation is to try Turkish cuisine, which is of the 3 greatest cuisines of the world. However if you prefer other cuisine of the world there are many high quality restaurants to choose from. Restaurants serving Iranian, Russian, Argentinean food tend to cluster in Istiklal Street area.

The delicious fish dished are highly recommended. The Sea of Marmara has since Roman times provided excellent fish and has shaped the cuisine of Istanbul.Palamut (Atlantic Bonito) and Lufet ( Bluefish) are the primary fished of the Istanbul, depending on the season through each type of fish is prepared differently –fried , grilled or baked for example – according to the seasons. The best fish restaurants are along the shores of the Istanbul Strait. If you prefer not to go to luxury restaurant but have a fish meal there are many boats serving grilled fish and salad in bread.

Istanbul not only brought together many cultures but also created a kind of melting pot of Anatolian culture as a whole.Many Anatolian natives chose to live in Istanbul at some stage in their life because of the employment opportunities and they created a cultural mosaic of their own by bringing their own cuisines to Istanbul. This is why you can find in Istanbul flavours from across Turkey. Most of these restaurants can be found around Sultanahmet and Spice Bazaar.

WE PRAY FOR WUHAN,CHINA

ANNOUNCEMENT - ILLEGAL WEBSITE ABOUT FIREFLY TOUR IN SEREMBAN

HERE IS THE ANNOUNCEMENT, WE WILL NOT TOLERATE WITH EMAIL HARASSMENT FROM ANY PARTY .

FOR PAST 7 YEARS, THERE A PERSON POST OUR COMPANY DETAILS IN THEIR COMPANY WEBSITE ABOUT WE ARE SELLING FIREFLY PACKAGE IN SEREMBAN.

WE WOULD LIKE TO MAKE A CLARIFICATION .

YES. WE SELL THE PACKAGE ON YEAR 2012 DURING MALAYSIA VISITING YEAR.

BUT IT WAS TERMINATED BY US AFTER A PERSONAL INSPECTION DONE BY OUR BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER MS CARRIE SIEW. WE FOUND OUT THE PLACE IS NOT SUITABLE FOR LEISURE CUSTOMERS AND ALL THE SEAFOOD SELLERS ARE CHEATING CUSTOMERS OF THE SELLING TIGER PRAWN INSTEAD OF JUST A NORMAL PRAWN . THEN , WE DECIDED TERMINATE COOPERATION WITH THEM.

SAFETY AND TRUSTWORTHY ALWAYS ARE OUR PRIORITY. 

WE HAD WROTE IN COMPLAINT TO THE PERSON WHO POST OUR COMPANY DETAILS IN SELLING FIREFLY TOUR IN SEREMBAN. HOWEVER, THE WEBSITE DESIGNER CHANGED THE DOMAIN NAME OF THE WEBSITE EVERY YEAR AND THEN COPY AND PASTE  THE SAME INFORMATION INTO NEW WEBSITE. 

HERE ,www.charismavacation.blogspot.com , WE HAVE ONLY ONE WEBSITE, A TRULY WEBSITE. ALL INFORMATION WILL BE UPDATED HERE. WE ALWAYS PROVIDE RELIABLE AND SINCERE INFORMATION HERE. IF YOU HAVE ANY DOUBT OR FURTHER INQUIRES,PLEASE WHATSPP TO +60136763911.

WE DO NOT TOLERATE WITH THIS HARASSMENT

TURKEY ISTANBUL - THE ISLANDS OF ISTANBUL

THE ISLANDS OF ISTANBUL

Like all major cities, Istanbul is always busy. For those who dislike the din and rush of the metropolis the ideal escape is provided by the islands of the Sea of Marmara. There are regular ferry services to all the inhabited islands.

After an earthquake, a mountain range was inundated by the Sea Of Marmara leaving only the highest peaks above sea level which formed a set of islands called Prince Islands. Their silhouette can be seen from many parts of Istanbul. If you are really curious about them you cannot satisfy your curiosity about them, you cannot satisfy your curiosity by watching from afar. You can access them via one of the boats departing regularly to the islands. Once you discover the peaceful life style, the quiet and calm of the islands, the clean streets and unspoilt nature thee, you will find returning to the city very difficult.

 The islands form a row in the Sea of Marmara. The easternmost island is the smallest and called Sedef Adasi ( Mother of Pearl Island), then comes Buyukada ( Large island) , Heybeliada ( saddlebag Island) , Burgazada and Kinaliada (Henna Island). Each island has its own special charm and their popularity is directly related to their size.Ferries drop by each of them in the following order: first Kinaliada, then Burgazada, Heybeliada and lastly Buyukada.

The regular ferry service departs for Prince Islands from Sirkerci, Kadikoy, Kabatas , Bostanci and Kartal piers and the sea bus catamarans depart from Kabatas , Sirkeci and Bostanci.

KANALIADA

KANALIADA is the first stop for ferries departing from Istanbul. Generally not many disembark there, as the favoured destination is Buyukada, but there is a lot to see on this island which cannot be found in the other islands.

Although there fewer historical buildings and fewer panoramic views, during the summer months especially the island is more tranquil than the other islands and it has more beaches. So if you enjoy the sea and sun, disembark here and explore Kinaliada.

BURGAZADA

Burgazada is to the west of Heybeliada and the second stop after Kinaliada. It is the third largest of the Prince Islands. The most popular in the island is the Bayrak Tepesi ( Flag Hill) , which has a panoramic view. Like the other islands Burgazada is secluded and was occupied in the past by ascetics and monks. On the summit of Bayrak tepesi is the ruin of Christos monastery from the 9^th century.

The island is a preferred place for literary and art luminaries due to its unique location and magnificent natural scenery, albeit being a second to Buyukada. One of its most famous inhabitants was the Turkish writer Sait Faik Abasiyank. The mansion house in which the author died in 1954 serves today as the Museum of Sait Faik Abasyanik. Opposite the museum is the Ayios Loannis ( St John the Baptist) Church, which is believed to date from the Byzantine Period.

HEYBELIADA

HEYBELIADA is the third stop for ferries coming from Istanbul and the second largest island after Buyukada. It has more greenery than the other islands and all areas excluding the settlements are forests. That is why it is preferred spot or picnicking. The most favoured spot is the Degirmen Point, which is frequented by picnickers. As on all, you can hire bikes to travel around or to take a horse and cart ride. It beaches are quieter than those of the other islands.On the highest point of the island is a monastery, Aya Triada (Holy Trinity). Special permission is required to visit the inside, but of you climb the hill you can at least enjoy the view. 

BUYUKADA

BUYUKADA is the most popular and largest island of Istanbul. Its beauty is striking once you disembark at the Buyukada Pier. The building shows features of late Ottoman architecture and its dome, arched façade decorated with tiles and stained glass windows make it one of the finest examples of its kind. Take some time to visit the inside of the pier building before rushing out to explore the island. It is a kind of marine museum, with documents, models, old photos related to seafaring on permanent display. There is a café on the top floor where you can enjoy the seascape with a cup of tea or a cold drink.

After leaving the pier building you follow the road straight to the tower clock located in a square which is surrounded with timber mansion houses and kiosks. You can take a horse and cart ride from here to your destination or hire a bike since there is no motor vehicle on the island. Horse carts are ideal to explore the streets of Buyukada or to tour the island. Mimosa and thousands of other species of shrubs and flowers adorn the road sides, so bike tours are also very popular.

On the main streets the mansion houses, which are currently used as bars or hotels, are adorned with flower gardens which have become symbols of the island. The best examples can be seen in the Nizam neighbourhood. Other historical buildings are monasteries and churches. The CHRISTOS MONASTERY is one of the most popular sites in Buyukada. The Old Greek Orphanage situated next to the monastery is one of the largest timber buildings in the world.

The most visited spot of Buyukada has also the best view at the highest point of the island. This is the Aya Yorgi Church. The steep hill is very difficult to climb, but the scenery and view improves as you ascend. According to an ancient belief, if a person climbs there barefoot, then his or her wishes will be fulfilled. Another way to achieve your wishes is to tie coloured rags to the trees lining the road or to tie a piece of thread at one end of the slope and the other at the top – without breaking it. These methods may not appear realistic to you, but many people have brought gifts to the church as a thank you present: these are on permanent display in a glass cabinet inside the Aya Yorgi Church.

Buyukada and love are inseparable, and on the Lovers Hill you will see many couples escaping from the city, walking hand in hand.

With its many remarkable features, the island is so rejuvenating that,before you realize it, the time comes to take the return ferry. If you come on a day trip you can watch the best sunset of Buyukada at the pier or at Dilburnu during your last minutes on the island. Behind Heybeliada the city lights of Istanbul become clearly visible and the enchanting views capture your attention for hours.

TRANSPORTS: Sea bus catamarans as well as classical ferries departing from Kadikoy, Bostanci and Kabatas piers provide regular services to the island. Some trips are direct, some stop at other islands. If you do not want to stay overnight the last boat depart to Bostanci at 0030 hours.

The most visited spot of Buyukada has also the best view at the highest point of the island. This is the Aya Yorgi Church. The steep hill is very difficult to climb, but the scenery and view improves as you ascend. According to an ancient belief, if a person climbs there barefoot, then his or her wishes will be fulfilled.Another way to achieve your wishes is to tie coloured rags to the trees lining the road, or to tie a piece of thread at one end of the slop and the other at the top-without breaking it. These methods may not appear realistic to you, but many people have brought gifts to the church as a thank you present : these are on permanent display in a glass cabinet inside the Aya Yorgi Church.

ACCOMMODATION:

If you want to enjoy and experience, the whole Buyukada and stay for a couple of days, why not find a room in one of the former mansion houses that has been converted into a hotel?

DRINKING AND EATING:

There are all manner of meat and fish restaurants on the island where you can also enjoy the island’s own wines. The fish restaurants along the shore are a good choice, with their beautiful views of Istanbul. Rose shaped ice-cream and homemade wines are among the specialties. The patisseries and cafes along the both sides of the Pier are ideal for day trippers. To take an ice in one of the many ice cream shops in Buyukada Square is an ideal way to cool down on a hot summer’s day.

TURKEY ISTANBUL - THE ISTANBUL STRAIT TOUR

BOTH IN ASIA AND EUROPE…..NEITHER IN ASIA NOR IN EUROPE: THE ISTANBUL STRAIT TOUR

Another way of enjoying Istanbul is to have a boat trip on the Istanbul Straits where the water reflects different colours at sunrise and sunset. The Yalis along the shores of Istanbul Strait were built and enjoyed by Ottoman Sulatans, Sultanahs and pashas. The palaces where the Ottoan court moved to after abandoning Toopkapi Palace are also along these shores. The most prominent of them all are Dlmabahce Beylerbey Palaces.

The first thing to mention regarding a boat trip on the Istanbul straits s the KIZ KULESI (Leander’s Tower ) opposite Salacak. According to the legend, the Emperor Constantine had a daughter who he loved deeply. An oracle predicted that the daughter would die from a snake bite. The emperor decided to build the tower with the belief that no snake could reach it from across the sea. However, there was no measure that could prevent the oracle from being realized. A basket of fruit was sent to maiden with a snake stealthily concealed within it and so she was bitten and died from the venom. 

Yet another legend about the tower relates the sad love story of Hero and Leander, believed to have taken place in the tower. In reality the tower was built in the 12^th century during the Byzantine Period. It was occasionally used as a prison but it was actually intended as a light house for shipping. The present shape of the tower was realized during the reign of Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror and later Sultan Mahmut II.

The best season for boat tours on the Istanbul Strait is between the end of April and September-ths is when blooming woods on either side of the strait create a ceritable colour explosion. Purple is the most striking of those colours , the colour of the Byzantine emperors and the flowers f Judas Trees ( Cercis Siliquastrum).

Both shores of Istanbul Strait were once lined with YALIS.Although some have not withstood the passing of time and others have been destroyed by human hand, there are still a number of YALIS along the shore. While they may look alike from afar, each has individual features and was built under the influence of different architectural styles which were fashionable at the time. Generally they reflect the taste of the original owner and the preferences of his architects and master builders and therefore each is known by its owner’s name. As you may quickly realize, most were built by pashas of Ottoman Period.

For example, along the Anatolian coast of the Strait lies KUzguncuk, where there are yalis too. One of the best preserved examples is Pembe ( Pink ) Yali, built in 18^th century. If you proceed northwards and pass under the Bogazici Bridge, one of the most attractive palaces along the Istanbul Straits shores is the Beylerbeyi Palace on the Anatolian side, which serves as a museum. The palace was completed in 1865 and since then it was also used as residence of foreign dignitaries, emperors and statesmen during their visit to the empire.

CENGELKOY, too, has its share of seaside kioks and yalis. Those still remaining intact are Sdullah Pash Yalisi, Abdullah Pasha Yalisi, Fenerli Yali( A Yali with a lighthouse ) and Server Bey Yalisi. The dominating white building under aleafy green backdrop is the Kuleli Askeri Lisesi ( Military Cadets Lycee) which is the symbol Cengelkoy.

TURKEY ISTANBUL -KUZGUNCUK

KUZGUNCUK

A good example of how religious and nations may leave peacefully side by side can be found in Kuzguncuk District on the Anatolian shores of Istanbul Strait in USKUDAR COUNTY. 2 churches, a synagogue and a mosque have for many years stood side by side here and the Surp Krikor Lusavoric Church and Kuzguncuk Mosque even share the same courtyard. The Sephardic Jews who came from Spain, as well as Jews who settled in Istanbul before the Turkish conquest, settled in Kuzguncuk.

 Just behind the church and mosque is a synagogue and next to that is the Ayios Yeorgos Church . The cemeteries, not only th places of worship, are either side by side or across the same street. At the Nakkastepe Cemetery 600 year old Jewish graves lie alongside Muslim graves: opposite that cemetery is the Orthodox Cemetery.

Other important buildings of Kuzguncuk are the mansion houses lining the shores of Istanbul Strait, which are known as Yali, together with kiosks which represent the finest civil architect of the late Ottoman Period. Kuzguncuk is one the places of Istanbul which was not overdeveloped and so it has retained some of its natural features: the woods of Fethipasa give a breathing space for all.

As the Asian coast of Istanbul served as summer residence, offering rest and recreation during Byzantine and Ottoman periods, Beylerbeyi was also a favoured place. The most prominent building is the BEYLERBEYI PALACE which was commissioned by Sultan Abdul Aziz in 1865. Sultan used it as summer residence and it is believed that the present building was constructed over an earlier timber framed and timber clad structure that was demolished. Sultan Abdul Aziz was famous for his love of the sea. Therefore, in addition to fine views of the Istanbul Strait the internal decorations are 

TURKEY ISTANBUL -THE SIAN FACE OF ISTANBUL - KADIKOY & USKUDAR

THE SIAN FACE OF ISTANBUL: USKUDAR AND KADIKOY

CITY OF THE BLIND: KADIKOY

According to the legends of the first settlers of Istanbul, Kadikoy  was the land of blindmen who failed to see the beauty of Sarayburnu and who settled in Kadikoy instead. However, this is an unlikely story. Kadikoy may not have the geographical advantanges of Sarayburnu, but it was believed to have a special air that helps the sick and prevents illness. So it served for generations Byzantine and Ottoman emperors as hunting and recreation ground. Kadikoy is one of the oldest settlements in Istanbul and surface surveys indicate that its history goes back to 3000 BC.

Even today, though Kafikoy is part of a metropolis, it has not completely abandoned the summer residence atmostphere it was renowned for during the Byzantine and Ottoman periods. A nostalgic tram journey on the Bahariye – Moda –Muhurdar route brings you to the Bahariye- Moda- Muhurdar route brings you to the promenades of Moda, Kalamis and Fenerbahce. With the tea houses in the green setting, they are ideal for those who want to escape from the city crowds. Both Byzantine and Ottoman emperors chose this area or their summer palaces. The Fenerbahce peninsula has pedestrian routes lined with centennial trees and colourful displays of flowers.

The tables lining the shore enable you to enjoy a vista of the Sea of Marmara and the Prince Islands. And a hotair balloon takes its customers 300 meters high above the throng, offering a view of this world city from a bird’s eye level.

One of the most important monuments of Kadikoy is the Haydrpasa Train Station. Its German style architecture at the seaside location makes it a symbl of Kadikoy. It is the point of departure for those travelling from Istanbul to cities and towns in Anatolia, as well as the terminal stop for those arriving from Anatolia. Its construction was completed in 1908.For those who arrived in Istanbul from Anatolia during the waves of mass immigration in the 20^th century; this was their first foothold in Istanbul. 

Some of the warehouses were used for ammunition during the First World War, and sabotage led to an explosion which caused extensive damage to building. However, the station has survived to our day as a monumental building on the Asian side of Istanbul.

Another symbolic building in Kadikoy is the Sureyya Opera House. It can be seen on the road between Haydarpasa and Fenerbahce. It was opened in 1927 and later converted to a cinema used for a long while. The building was recently renovated to its original use. Its architecture is quite interesting since it took bits and pieces from many theatres and opera buildings in various parts of Europe. For example, the hall resembles the Champs-Elysee theatre in Paris, while the interior resembles German theatres.

USKUDAR

Across the Kiz Kulesi ) Leander’s Tower), on the hills of Uskudar , the gathering and worshipping place of the Celveti Sufi Order, the Aziz Mahmut Hudai Complex was built in 1595. The Celveti Order was one of the most important religious orders of the Ottoman Empire. The building was later extended with additional buildings and used until 1925 as the seat of the religious order. After the new law banning orders and confiscating their buildings, it was used only as a mosque. Ottoman sultans paid respects to Mahmut Hudai, the leader of the Order and his tomb is visited by many people as we have seen in the case of Eyup Sultan’s tomb. The painted decorations of the interior of the mosque are splendid.

TURKEY ISTANBUL - FROM KARAKOY TO ORTAKOY

FROM KARAKOY TO ORTAKOY

The route from Karakoy to Ortakoy is accompanied with the scenery dominated by the Istanbul Strait, which makes it one of the most enjoyable excursions in Istanbul.

After the Karakoy ferry terminus, the Meclisi Mebusan Street will lead you to a well-known place of Istanbul, Tophance (gun foundry). Tophance takes his name from the imperial workshops dedicated to gun making. There used to be other military buildings around the workshops.

Along the shores of Karakoy id the first museum of Turkey dedicated to modern art, Istanbul Modern Art Museum. In the museum permanent exhibitions as well as frequent temporary exhibitions are available for visitors. The Café at the museum offer a wide panorama of the Istanbul Strait including Sultanahmet. You may view the works of Turkish and foreign artists or enjoy a refreshing drink at the café to prepare yourself for the rigours of the next phase of the route.

On this route mosques and palaces   are in close proximity along the shore. One of the most interesting mosques here is just past the Kabatas Pier- Bezmialem Valide Sultan Mosque, also known as Dolmabahce Mosque. Its architectural style and clock tower reflect European architecture and it was built in 1853 by Bezmialem Valide, the mother of Sultan Abdulmecit.

The secondary name of the mosque, Dolmabahce, is also the name of the palace here. It is the first example of palaces set along the shores of the Istanbul Strait. Once Topkapi Palace was abandoned, the sultan and his family never returned there and settled instead in European-style palaces. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, founder of the modern Turkish Republic spent last days of his life here.

When you visit Dolmabahce Palace, which came into use after the Topkapi Palace ( which had been the seat of the Ottoman dynasty for 400  years) was abandoned, you will notice how palace life had changed.

The DENI MUZESI (NAVAL MUSUEM) is situated on a significant site. It is next to the Tomb of Barbaros Hayrettin Pasha, the most famous Grand Admiral of the Ottomans. The museum exhibits documents and objects related to Ottoman naval history as well as models of warships. There are a few examples of royal rowing boats and ensigns from the important victorious battles such as Battle of Preveza.

Barbaros Hayrettin whose tomb is next to the museum was a significant figure in world naval history. He was the first Grand Admiral of Ottoman navy and fought against piracy in Medoterranean and won one of the largest and most important Turkish naval engagements, the Battle of Preveza ( an ensign from this battle is on view at the museum).

 There is certain poignancy in the fact that such an important mariner lies in his resting place within earshot of waves and with a commanding seascape before him. Since his burial in the tomb, the general staff of the naval armadas leaving port always paid a visit to his tomb. The tomb which was designed paid a visit to his tomb. The tomb which was designed and built by the legendary architect Mimar Sinan is available for public viewing on 4 April and 1 July, but is closed to visitors at all other ties.

After Topkapi was abandoned new palaces were built along the shore. However, the YILDIZ PALACE was different as it was built on a hill dominating Istanbul. Today the palace gardens, which are known as Yildiz Park, are a haven of peace in Istanbul. The largest building in the palace complex is he Mabeyn (Interval) Kiosk which was built during the reign of Sultan Abdulaziz .The most interesting part of the Kiosk is the crystal balustrade made up of more than 3000 separate parts, each of which has its own tune when tapped.

If you proceed from Besiktas through Ciragan Street, lined with old trees, you come to the next palace building, Ciragan Palace. This was built by the Ottoman Sultan Abdulaziz in 1871, and it is used as a hotel nowadays. After passing along the Ciragan Palace, you arrive at the buildings of Galatasaray University and Kabatas Boys’ High School.These buildings, used to be the ancillary buildings of the palace and known as Palaces of Feriye, were used by the Sultan’s children as well as high ranking officers working at the Palace.

One you have completed this enjoyable route you will have reached Ortakoy, one of the entertainment centres of Istanbul. The Ortakoy Mosuqe is identified with the district and shows the influence of European architecture. It was commissioned by Sultan Abfulmecit in 1853 on one of the prime locations of the Istanbul Strait on a silver of land jutting into the sea. Its first patron and his successor, Sultan Abdulhamit , were known to come to this mosque for Friday prayers and then return to the Beylerbeyi Palace on the opposite shores of Istanbul Strait.

Following your excursion to Ortakoy you can rest in one of the tea gardens around the Ortakoy Mosque and enjoy the scenery of the Istanbul Strait, the Bogazici Bridge draped in the colors of the last sunrays. You may also wish to taste the famous kumpir (baked potatoes)

TURKEY ISTANBUL- ISTIKLAL CADDESI

ISTIKLAL CADDESI

Istilal Caddesi is one of the liveliest streets of Istanbul. Every day thousands walk through it. The only vehicular movement breaking the flood of human activity is the nostalgic thread of tramlines. Both sides of the street are line with art galleries, famous shops selling accessories and jewellery, cafes where lively talk goes on and passages where drinking dens are situated.

 Most of the buildings identified with the avenue as well as the passages were built at the turn of the 20^th century under the influence of the art nouveau movement, which was at the height of fashion then. Beyoglu together with Galata is closely associated with Europe and any new trend or fashion was quickly adopted there. The pilaster sculpture and some self-standing statues decorating the facades of the period buildings are worth close examination. At the mid-section of Istiklal Street the crowd thickens. The place where seafarers from diverse lands met during the Byzantine and Ottoman periods is today one of the most popular areas.

An interesting route from the terminus of Tunel (funicular) first leads you to GALATA MEVLEVIHANESI (HOUSE OF MEVLEVI OF DIVAN LITERATURE) situated at Galip Dede Street. The Mevlevhane was built in 1491 by Mehmet Dede, the grandson of Mevlana Celaleddin –I Rumi who had a particular place in history on account of his teaching and philosophy. Despite being devastated in firestorm and other disaster the building, with repairs and renovation, has survived to our own day.

 On the first and last Saturday of every month, the Sema ritual (of whirling dervishes) is performed at the Semaane (ritual hall) section which is also used as a museum. In the Mevlevihane are also the cells of the dervishes who devoted themselves to the Mevlevi Order as well as library. The tombs of masters and dervishes are in the courtyard. For those who wish to learn about Mevlevi Order, a visit to the museum is a must, with its exhibits off artefacts relating to Mevlevi culture, classical Turkish Musical instruments and illuminated manuscripts. The tomb of Galip Dede is in front of the Mevlevhane.

As in Ottoman times the Consulates are lined up along the Beyoglu. They were all built during the late Ottoman Period. When the capital moved from Istanbul to Ankara the embassies too moved; however the buildings of embassies still stand and they are used for different purposes today. Some of the Consulates have churches or chapels in their courtyard for their religious rituals.

One spot famous for its cafes and bars of the Istiklal Street is Asnalimescit Road. One of the oldest hotels of Istanbul, the Pera Palasm is next to the never sleeping entertainment hub. Next to the hotel is the Museum of Pera which houses paintings of famous Ottoman artists.

One of the most famous meeting points in Istiklal Street is the Cicek Pasaji (Flower Passage), opposite the Galatasaray Lycee. The tables are always full, with customers of all ages busily chatting. To reach Cezayir Street, you walk down the slope following the walls of Galatasaray Lycee and turn left.

The passage buildings illustrate the special atmosphere of the Istiklal Street. Most of them were built in the late 19^th century or early 20^th century and each one has its own surprises. One of the most interesting buildings is Halep Pasaji where a pilaster sculpture of a clown adorns the façade. The clown is actually clue as to the original use of the building: it was formerly a circus. The famous Beyoglu Cinema can also be found in that building.

In Istanbul the overwhelming Christian community is Orthodox. One of the grandest churches in Istanbul. Aya Triada (Holy Trinity) near Taksim Square is an Orthodox Church

Taksim Meydani ( Taksim Square) is at the end of Istiklal Street . The square was the water distribution centre of Istanbul in the past and so it took the name Taksim which means distribution in Turkish. It is one of the busiest places in Istanbul and never sleeps.

If you walk from one end of Istiklal Street to the other you will not have savoured it fully. So go back, walk slowly, visit the passages, sit in its cafes, bars and drinking dens and enjoy Turkish meze (starters) with your drink. After sunset walk the street once more. The crowd will be more dense and the taste of the street different as the oriental music pouring out of the bars will take you to other worlds.

TURKEY ISTANBUL - BEYOGLU

CENTRE OF ENTERTAINMENT AND LIFE: BEYOGLU

During the late Ottoman Period, the European tradesmen, followed by the embassies community left the confines of Galata Walls surrounding the Galata port area and created a new cosmopolitan development at Beyoglu ( Pera) along the lines of European cities, where diverse nationalities come together. 

The area of the settlement was referred to as Pera by seafarers and embassies community. The term means” the other side” and refers to the area outside the old city. It is interesting to note that such a bustling part of today’s Istanbul was previously viewed as a distant corner. The name Beyoglu ( meaning a lord’s son) was associated with the son of Byzzantine emperor or an ambassador of Venice who once settled in the area.

The European-style mansion houses that can be found in Beyoglu were built by European tradesmen and ambassadors who settled in Istanbul. As there used to be frequent fires devastating the region, it was prohibited to build wooden buildings; and the beautiful buildings that have survived to the present day generally date to the time after that ban.

Beyoglu once used to be outside the Galata Walls. It was connected with other areas through new roads following the demolition of the walls and its importance increased significantly. It is known that even in the early Ottoman Period there were entertainment venues in the vicinity, where seamen could enjoy the facilities before their long sea journeys. At present, entertainment venues, art galleries, cinemas, theatres and concert and live music performance halls make it a cultural hub. Many cafes with street tables, as well as street performers mix in with the din of the crowds to create a street orchestra. Sometimes the streets become a veritable open air exhibition.

TURKEY ISTANBUL -GALATA

THE COMMERCIAL HARBOUR OF BOTH THE BYZANTINES AND THE OTTOMANS: GALATA AND ITS ENVIRONS

FROM KARAKOY TO BEYOGLU

Over the years, earthquakes and fires devastated parts of Istanbul, yet each time the city was born again out of its ashes as if it were the mythical Phonenix. Perhaps the most often devastated and rejuvenated parts of Istanbul are Galata and Beyoglu.

Galata, or Karakoy as it is called today, is in the shape of a peninsula surrounded by the Istanbul Strait and the Golden Horn which, throughout history, has been the commercial port of Istanbul. 

During the Byzantine and Ottoman periods it maintained its importance as the most important harbor of theregion and a centre of commercial activities. The districts are famous for its tower and the Genoese colony that settled there maintained commercial links with Europe during the Byzantine Period. Later, Iranians, Egyptians origin marketed their wares from the warehouses there, and distributed them to other parts of Istanbul.

As Galata maintained its commercial importance during the Ottoman Period, many warehouses were built in the district. The first embassies to the Ottoman Empire were settled in the same area and it was also an entertainment center with its several drinking dens. At the end of the 19^th century, the first banks of the Ottoman Empire were also clustered here and consequently Galata became the financial centre and heart of the stock exchange. Its importance continued until the first years of the 21^st century, though with the relocation of importance finance houses to Levent and Maslak districts, Galata finally lost its financial importance.

One of the most interesting aspects of Karakoy is that you can see the beauty of historical peninsula from a different perspective across the estuary. When you are at Sultahnahmet, the other shore may not seem to so interesting. However, once you are at the Karakoy, the vista of the historical peninsula is majestic. Especially during the sunset, the reddish sky contrasting with the darkening silhouette of Sultanahmet , Ayasofya and Topkapo Palace offers the visitors a new horizon where the Ottoman royal mosques, built on top of the hills of Istanbul with their characteristic domes and minarets , are at their best in this romantic of settings.

Nowadays 2 bridges, Galata Bridge and Ataturk Bridge, connect the historical peninsula and Galata. In the past, the Renaissance Master Leornardo Da Vinci prepared designs to build a bridge over the Golden Horn. The great artist wrote a letter to Sultan Bayezid II and mentioned his intentions about the bridge, but most probably was never given a chance to put his intentions into practice.

The Jewish community that settled in various areas of Istanbul and built places of worship there had a history exceeding half a millennium. The Zulfaris Synagogue, situated in Percemli Street across the Galata Bridge,has recently inaugurated the Quincentennial Foundation Museum of Turkish Jews here.The museum exhibits various documents , garments and artefacts commemorating the historical experiences of Jews settled in Turkey and specially in Istanbul. The Monument of Rising Fires erected in front of the museum commemorates in Turkish Jews who lost their lives in several wars including the Dardanelles Battle and the War of Liberation.

Another highly recommended visit is to the YERALTI ( underground ) Mosque which is situated at Kemankes Street.The Golden Horn was very important for the Byzantine since during attacks on the city it blocked entry to enemy vessels by means of heavy chains attached to the fortresses situated at Galata and Sarayburnu shores. 

As the sea walls along the Golden Horn were comparatively less strong, an attack from the Golden Horn could easily have led to the fall of Istanbul. The YERALTI CAMISI (underground Mosque) is situated in the dungeon where the chain used to be connected at the Galata end. Nowadays access to this building is by the staircase. It had been used as an arsenal until 1756, when a mosque was built at the site because of the belief that the graves inside were of religiously significant people.

Beyooglu’s relationship with Galata port has never ceased. However, as there is a steep incline to climb, first stairs were built and in 1876 a tunnel was constructed between Karakoy and Beyoglu to operate as a set of funicular trains. 

That tunnel is still operational as one of the shortest and oldest metro lines of the world. For those brave enough to climb from Galata to Beyoglu without using the metro the first assistance comes in the shape of the Kamondo Stairs. The Kamondo family was one of the richest families of 19^th century Istanbul and they were the benefactors of many public buildings including these famous stairs. As it was designed as a pair of staircases meeting at landings and curving apart for a while until the next landing, it is also known as the stairs of love.  

Another important feature of Karakoy is the traces of the Genoese community which as a very important place in the history of Istanbul. Naturally, the most important of them all is Galata Kulesi ( Galata Tower). The tower that can be seen from various parts of Istanbul has been a symbol of Galata. It is a legacy of the Genoese colony that maintained commercial links between the Byzantines and Ottomans with the European countries. 

It was originally built in 1348 as a tower of the walls surrounding Galata and used sometimes as a warehouse and sometimes as a prison by the Ottomans; It is still intact today. Galata used to be famous for its frequent fires, so for a while the tower was used as a fire lookout tower. If you pay a small fee you can climb to the observation platform where the Genoese used to look out for their approaching commercial ships as well as for enemies. From here, you have a commanding view over Istanbul from Prince Islands in the sea of Marmara , to the Istanbul Strait and Golden Horn.

TURKEY ISTANBUL -CITY WALLS

THE INSURMOUNTABLE CITY WALLS OF ISTANBUL

The magic and attraction of Istanbul led to a fierce determination to capture the city. However, until 1453 the city walls of Istanbul checked the onslaughts of countless enemies that surrounded the city. In a sense the thousand year long life of Byzantium was due to its majestic city walls, which were one of the finest examples of Middle Age’s military architecture.

The city walls built during the reign of Constantine, which marked the boundaries of present day Sultanahmet and its environs, gradually became too small for a bustling city and its increasing population. In 415, only 120 years after the foundation of the original walls, the Theodosia walls marking the historical peninsula were built. These walls, which can be seen extending from the shores of the Halic to the shores of the Sea of Marmara, were built by the Emperor Theodosius; however, they were repaired extensively over the centuries. 

The construction was sturdiest in the land walls, since the threat deemed lesser; the sea walls were not fortified as strongly as the land walls.

Now the city walls from the Halic to the Sea of Marmara would accompany your sightseeing   route to another part of Istanbul which was silent witnesses to thousands of years and wars. The strongest and most insurmountable parts of Istanbul city walls are the land walls extending from the Sea of Marmara to the Halic. 

As the Sea of Marmara provided an important protection, the sea walls were not deemed to be as strong as the land walls. As the land walls would face the staunchest attacks, they were designed and built to be as strong and enduring as possible. The sightseeing tour along city walls gives you a chance to visit some important buildings, including some famous Byzantine ones.

Our excursion starts the point where the city walls meet the Golden Horn. The first place to visit is ATIK USTAFA PASHA MOSQUE. This was a church before the conquest, however the name and history of the old church is disputed. Some believe it was the church built for Saints Peter and Mark in the 5^th century, while others believe it was the Hagia Thekla Church built in the 19^th century.

Amid the well preserved part of the city walls stands the TEKFUR SARAYI (the Palace of the Porphyrogenitues). 

It is the only surviving part of Palace of Blachernae; therefore, this three storey palace has an important place in art history. Although it was built as early as the 5^th century, it became the main residence of the Byzantine emperors at around the 12^th centuy. During the Ottoman Period it was put to diverse and curious uses such as glass manufactured and even as a pen for royal giraffes.

The next Byzantine landmark to visit is the KARIYE MUSEUM. The name “ Kariye” derives from “ Chor”, which means outside the city walls. The district was thus known before the land walls were built. 

Although it was used for a while as a mosque, the magnificent mosaics and frescoes were not damaged. They were only covered with whitewash. They were discovered in mid-20^th century and restored to reveal their original majesty. The church building dates back to the 12^th century, but the frescoes and mosaics are from the 14^th century. They represent the peak reached by Byzantine art before the European Renaissance. 

The frescoes are among the finest examples of Byzantine art to be found anywhere in the world. They depict stories from the Bible as well as the life of Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ. Over the entrance door to the naos is the scene depicting Theodoros Metokhites offering the church to Jesus Christ –one of the few non biblical scenes. A similar scene can also be found in Ayasoya.

One of the prominent gates on the land walls is Edirne Kapi (Gate of Polyandrion). Next to the Erdirne Kapi is the MIHRIMAH SULTAN MOSQUE, one of the finest mosques built by imperial architect Mimar Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent and there are several buildings in various districts of Istanbul devoted to her. As it was built on a terrace it can be seen from quite far away. In order to let in a good deal of natural light the walls of the mosque are pierced by a number of windows.

When you pass through Belgrad Gate and approach the Sea of Marmara you come to the most famous section of the city walls, the Yedikule Hisari The most splendid o all 55 gates on the city walls during the Byzantine Period was the Altin Kapi (Golden Gate), the gate where the emperors and armies entered the city triumphantly after returning from a victorious military campaign. 

After the Ottoman conquest Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror added a fortress strengthened with towers here, which came to be known as the Yedikule Fortress ( Fortress with Seven Towers) The Byzantine name , “ GOLDEN GATE” , came from the gilding on its facade. The Ottomans added 5 towers to the existing 2 towers and formed a citadel which was later used as a storage area, then part of the treasury and later as a prison. 

The layout of the fortress resembles a 5 pointed star and its dungeons which were used as a prison for high ranking officials during the Ottoman Period. It is now open the public, with a permanent exhibition in the courtyard, including the canon balls and other artefacts.The courtyard is also a venue for open air concerts during the summer months. If you are not too tired, you may wish to continue along the shores of the Sea of Marmara to YENIKAPI.The archaeological excavations of the Yenikapi area unearthed artefacts that shed light on the 8000 year of history of Istanbul. 

ered to be highly important as they shed light on the Byzantine and Ottoman periods.The Theosodius Port of Yenikapi was built by Emperor Theodosius Port of Yenikapi was built by Emperor Th

In particular, the sunken boats of Yenikapi and other relics of the ancient port are consideoodosius I at the end of the 4th century and remained in use until the 14^th century. 

Other important finds are the foundation line of the sea walls built under the Emperor Constantine.In addition, the ruins of Elefterion, one of the oldest ports of Istanbul built during the Byzantine Period, were also uncovered there. So if you are keen to learn more about the Byzantine history you should more about the Byzantine history you should certainly visit Yenikapi.

TURKEY ISTANBUL - THE HOLIEST GROUNDS OF ISTANBUL: EYUP

THE HOLIEST GROUNDS OF ISTANBUL: EYUP

EYUP is the place just beyond the land walls along the shores of the Halic and houses the mosques, tombs and cemeteries of some significant personage of the Islamic religion. The holy character of EYUP was established hundreds of years ago. During the Byzantine Period there were monastery churches on the grounds, none of which has survived. 

One of the reasons they disappeared lies in the fact that those areas out of the city walls were devastated during each siege the city was subjected to and military battles that devastated any building in the vicinity. After the Ottoman conquest of Istanbul, Eyup was rebuilt and it eventually took on its present aspect.

If you proceed from the land walls towards Eyup the first place to visit is DEFTERDAR MAHMUT EFENDI MOSQUE, which is situated on Dfterdar Street. The main buildings of a religious bear the symbols of that region. Just as a church has a cross on top of the bell tower, so in the same manner, a minaret is normally topped with a crescent moon representing Islam.

However, over the minaret of this mosque, a pen and an inkpot were placed to give the message that literacy is the best way of enlightenment and modernization. The original inkpot and pen were destroyed in successive earthquakes; however, recently a new set has been installed.

If you continue on the DEFTERDAR STREET, along the shores of the Golden Horn you will come across a red building. This is the FESHANE ( FEZ FACTORY), founded in 1835 to meet the increased demand for he fez, a type of red hat, as well as the production of uniforms for the Ottoman Imperial Army. 

It is one of the oldest factories in Turkey. After a long service life, Feshane no serves as an exhibition and conference hall and as an entertainment center during the festivities of Ramadan. From the pier of Feshane you can take boat trips aboard a replica of royal boats that were once used by Ottoman Sultans to across the Istanbul straits.

Across Feshane and next to the Municipality Building, stands the first museum f Eyup, the NEZIH ELDEM CITY MUSEUM. The building was actually the Military Cadet School, commissioned in 1884.The museum exhibits documents related to the history of Eyup. Just behind the museum is the CEZERI KASIM MOSQUE. Curiously, another mosque in a different part of the city, situated across the Cagaloglu Hammam (public bath) in Divanyolu, has the same name.

ZAL MAHMUT PASHA COMPLEX

It is also on the same route and it was designed by Mimar Sinan. There you can visit the handicrafts workshops manufacturing the traditional wooden toys identified with Eyup.

EYUP TOYMAKERS: 

Children who were starting primary school or who were to be circumcised were brought to visit Eyup and this custom still continues. It is believed that visiting this holy place would make them more successful in life and that they would not face any hardship. One of the unintended consequences of the children’s visit was the creation of a toy making industry in Eyup as early as the 17^th century. Even the these toys and today the same wooden toys are manufactured with traditional techniques and sold locally As a memento of your visit to Eyup , why not buy one ? Who knows, maybe the magic will work for you!

The district is named after Eyup Sultan and the MOSQUE AND TOMB OF EYUP SULTAN are considered as the holiest place in Istanbul. Eyup Ensari was a companion of the Prophet Mohammed, died during the siege of Istanbul by Arabs in 674-678 and was buried here. Following the conquest of Istanbul, Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror found the grave of EYUP Ensari and built a tomb over it, then a mosque and religious complex nearby. The complex was the first to be built in Istanbul.

The district of EYUP gradually took shape around the complex commissioned by Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror. Many Sultans after Mehmet built religious buildings in EYUP and continued to develop it, so today there are many buildings in close proximity that reflect the different periods of Ottoman architecture. As EYUP came to be considered a holy place, many from the higher echelons of Ottoman society as well as ordinary people chose Eyup as their everlasting place of rest. And today the cemeteries of Eyup contain various styles of funeral architecture, including intricately carved headstones.

At some distance from the Eyup Cemetery, up on the hill is the PIERRE LOTI CAFÉ , which can be reached by road or by cable car departing from the shore. It is famous for the best panoramic view of the Golden Horn and Eyup.

PIERRE LOTI (LOUIS MARIE JULIEN VIAUD) was a renowned French writer and traveller who lived between 1850 and 1923 and he was so impressed with Istanbul that he settled there. The café was his favourite haunt. Gazing at the silhouette o Istanbul he must have dreamed about his imaginary love, Aziyade and called her name but loud to the other shore of the Golden Horn. As the time went by, the café took the name of Pierre Loti. The best way to end your pleasure trip to Eyup is with a pot of tea at the Pierre Loti Cafe where you can take in the view and also buy some souvenirs.

TURKEY ISTANBUL -MUSEUMS OF HALIC

MUSEUMS OF HALIC

After visiting the churches, synagogues and mosques of Halic (Golden Horn), you may wish to visit the museums and cultural centres on the opposite’s shores. Here is a short list to choose from:

MINIATURK:

Miniaturk is an open air exhibition on the shores of the Halic where 1: 25 scale models of the most important buildings from antiquity to the Ottoman Period from across Turkey are on display

RAHMI KOC MUSEUM:

The Rahmi Koc Museum is the first and only industrial museum of Turkey. It exhibits submarines, ships, airoplanes and thousands of other industrial products. With its world renowned classic car section which includes private collections, it is among the must see museums in Istanbul.

SANTRAL ISTANBUL:

Santral Istanbul is quite close to Miniaturk on the shores of Halic. It is a cultural centre created by renovating a thermal power station built originally in 1911 and which provided power o Istanbul until 1952. Even the underwater cables laid to supply power to the Anatolan side of the city were started from there. Today it houses modern art museum, a museum devoted to power generation and distribution, workshops and concert venues as well as cafes and restaurants.

TURKEY ISTANBUL -INTERSECTION POINT OF RELIGIOUS BALAT AND FENER ALONG THE GOLDEN HORN

INTERSECTION POINT OF RELIGIOUS BALAT AND FENER ALONG THE GOLDEN HORN

The estuary, Halic in Turkish, was called as the Golden Horn by the Byzantines. According to legend it was formed by the thrust if lo’s horns that was transformed into a heifer by Zeus. Another legend relates that the plentiful palamut fish (Atlantic bonito) makes the water shimmer with their reflective skin. Actually the sunrise and sunset lend its golden reflections to the still waters.

The Golden Horn was closely associated with the Tulip Era, the most controversial period of Ottoman history. During this period rich royal yachts plied the waters, splendid kioks and mansion houses were built along the shores of the Golden Horn and all the gardens displayed the most colourful examples of glorious tulips, which lent their name to the period. It is a pity that none of those kiosks or tulip gardens survives to the present day. However, we will visit 3 important buildings, each of them belonging to a different religious community and each was built during the Ottoman and Byzantine periods, over the hills with a commanding view of the Golden Horn.

At present 2 district of Istanbul, Balat and Fener, are closely associated with the Golden Horn. Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror granted privileges to the Christian and Jewish communities living in the city to perform their rituals free of intervention. Those privileges are considered to the fine examples of Ottoman tolerance and helped to keep the Christian community in the city. The Sephardic Jews who were expelled from Spain were accepted with open arms by the Ottomans and settled in the same part of the city. So Balat and Fener became a centre for the religious minorities of Istanbul. There, mosques, churches and synagogues can be seen by side as if a living proof of the fraternity of religious.

THE SYNAGOGUES OF BALAT

BALAT: the district mostly populated by Jewish in the Ottoman Period was the scene of many important Jewish buildings and some of them are still fulfilling their religious functions. The synagogues of the Sephardic Jewish community survived intact until1940s when a great part of the community opted to resettle in Israel. However, there is still a thriving Jewish community living in the area. 2 of their synagogues are on the Vodina Street and the first one to vist is Cana Synagogue. The Ahrida Syangogue is on the same road though it was not built by those who emigrated from Macedonia.

The shape of the synagogue resembles a ship, as a reference to the wandering Jew. The third synagogue is the YANBOL SYNAGIGUE which is situated on the Duriye Street, a street crossing the main road. It was built by the Jews who emigrated from Bulgaria. Along the shores of Halic is the Or-Ahayim (Light of Life) Hospital which has attractive architectural features and was built as Jewish hospital in 1896.

TURKEY ISTANBUL -FROM SULEYMANIYE TO EMINONU

Let us continue on our route. When you reach Direkrarasi, which used to be the public entertainment centre during the Ottoman Period, on the Sehzadebasi Street, turn right and walk along the road. You first arrive at the Damat Ibrahm Pasha Complex, which was built in 1720. 

All the buildings of this complex are set around courtyard. The Sehzade Mosque gave its name to the road and is an important milestone in the development of Mimar Sinan’s architectural mastery. He himself referred the mosque as his “ work of apprenticeship”and it is widely believed that he built his masterpiece relying on the experiences he gathered during the design and construction of this mosque.

 The mosque was built for the memory of Sehzade Mehmet, a beloved son of Sultan Suleyman, who sadly died when he was just 22 years old. The tombs in the courtyard with their spectacular tiles are also worth a visit. However, like many other tombs in Istanbul, they can only be visited on certain dates or with special permission.

If you proceed along the same road you will reach the FAITH SULTAN MEHMET COMPLEX, (COMPLEX OF SULTAN MEHMET THE CONQUEROR), one of the first religious complexes built in Istanbul. The complex is also an earlier example of selatin mosques (imperial mosques of Ottoman Sultans or their family members).A complex has the mosque as its central feature and consists of a madrasah (religious college) , imaret ( public kitchens) and darussifa ( hospital) as well as other buildings for charitable, purposes, education and health. The Faith Complex used to have the first universities of Istanbul, the Mediterranean Madrasah and Black Sea Madrasah. Following the demise of Byzantium, Faith underwent large scale reconstruction and embellishment activities and building this complex was part of the effort. It was also built on one of the seven hills of Istanbul, which was a very significant place during the Byzantine Period. One the same hill the HAvariyun Church (Church of the Holy Apostles) used to stand, which contained the sacred cemetery of the Byzantine emperors. 

The mosque and other buildings were built over the ruins of the church and sustained earthquake damage several times in its long history. They have nevertheless survived into our own day after successive repairs. One of the most splendid parts of the complex is the tomb where the internal decoration contains inlaid silver and gold patterning.

However, if you prefer not to proceeds towards the Faith Complex and turn right at the Sehzade Mosque, the road will take you to Bozadogan Su Kemeri (Valens Aqueduct), which served Istanbul for many years by bringing water into the city from distant sources. The aqueduct was repaired several times as Ottoman Period and extended to new water sources to ensure a safety supply of water to Istanbul from several kilometers away.

If you continue the road you will reach Vefa District, which is famous for its boza ( a thick malt drink made of fermented millet) . The historic Vefa Bozacisi ( boza producer and seller) is close to the Valens Aqueduct and Vefa Lycee. It is the preferred refreshing drink of the winter months though even a summer visit is no excuse not to taste the famous drink.

Another significant building on the same route is the Church of Christ Pantokrator, today’s Zeyrek Mosque. This monumental building was set on top o a hill. It has the largest floor area after Ayasofya for a surviving historical building in Istanbul. In this district you can find examples of the late Byzantine Period. However it was not designed and built in a single period. It consisted of several buildings commissioned by different Byzantine emperors and empresses.

If you visit Vefa on the first day of a calendar month, take a key with you and visit Meryem Ana Ayazmasi (Virgin Mary Holy Spring). They keys are important if you make a wish at the holy spring. The belief is that if you manage to keep the key for a month afterwards, you wish will definitely be realized in near future.

The route then leads you to the shores of the Golden Horn. Near the Ataturk Bridge spanning the Golden Horn right and walk alongside the shore to reach back to the Egyptian Bazaar where you can rest and recuperate with a nice meal at one of the restaurants serving fine food from the 4 corners of Turkey.

TURKEY ISTANBUL - FROM EMINONU TO SULEYMANIYE

FROM EMINONU TO SULEYMANIYE – FROM SULEYMANIYE TO EMINONU

The most important building in Sirkeci is the Sirkeci Gar Binasi ( SIrkeci Train Station ). The building was designed by foreign architects, as became the fashion in the later periods of Ottoman rule. It has been Istanbul’s gate to Europe and the arrival place of European visitors who were attracted by the mythical capital of Ottomans and the legendary East for decades.

The history of the building dates back to 1890. During t and the construction period a particular importance was attached to the harmony of this building with the Istanbul’s architectural character. Istanbul, which connects the East and the West, also created connection between European architecture and Oriental styles. There is a small museum in the Terminal are on permanent display.

The first building that strikes visitors to Eminonu is the Yeni Cami (New Mosque), which has always a flock of pigeons on the stairs and courtyard. Its construction commenced in 1597, but was completed in 1663. With the 66 year construction period the mosque has a distinctive place in the Ottoman history. 

The tiles and mother of pearl inlaid mahfill ( the raised platform for the sultan) are worth close inspection. The mosque is a part of a complex and another largest building in this complex is Mesir Carsisi (Spice Bazaar or Egyptian Bazaar), one of the oldest and most important covered markets of Istanbul. Goods from Egypt used to be sold here. At present, it sells spices and other gift items to visitors who drop by to shop while soaking up the atmosphere. One of the most visited spots of Istanbul; it is consequently still a meeting point of diverse cultures, as it has been the case throughout its history.

Being one of the most beautiful mosques of Istanbul, the Rustem Pasha Mosque was designed and built by Mimar Sinan,the imperial architect. It is situated off the main road along the Golden Horn and to reach it you have to pass through the narrow side streets. It was built on a raised platform so it commands the silhouette of Istanbul. It was commissioned by Ruslem Pasha, the Grand Vizier and Son in law of Sultan Suleyman the Magnifcent. Rustem Pasha had a reputation for meanness during his lifetime, but towards the end of his life he spent exorbitant amounts of money on the construction of this mosque and decorated it with the most exquisite Iznik tiles .Its interior is so rich that it can be considered a museum of tiles.

The next spot is easy to visit, as the minarets of Suleymaniye Mosque can be seen everywhere. After climbing a steep hill, you can arrive at the walls surrounding the mosque. If you just follow the walls you will shortly arrive at one of the courtyard gates.

The whole district is named after the mosque. Designed and built between 1550 and 1557 by Mimar Sinan , the master architect of the Ottoman Period, the Suleymaniyye Mosque and Complex was devoted to Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent, who was also known as “ the Lawgiver”. The mosque indeed befitted the magnificence of Sultan Suleymanand and it was built on one of the seven hills of Istanbul. The mosque is the most monumental masterpiece built by Mimar Sinan in Istanbul.

Its monumental nature was to glorify the memory of Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent. It was also one of the works that ranked him among the greatest architects of the city. Mimar Sinan referred to Suleymaniye as “the work of my craftsmanship” and despite its glorious dimensions, it has fairly simple characteristics. Some consider that it was due to the Sultan’s modest, while others argue that Mimar Sinan designed it so that the architectural features of the building showed themselves without being clouded by decorative elements. Apart from a tile-clad Mihrab, the whole internl space s rather plain.

The interesting aspects of the mosque require some exploration. For example, of you wonder how the mosque has withstood frequent and powerful earthquakes or why not soot has accumulated under its domes despite the oil lamps and candles that have burnt for 450 years, or how its wonderful acoustic work, you can discover the answer here – in the hidden parts of Mimar Sinan’s genius. 

The foundations of the mosque were given a certain amount of elasticity by placing juniper piles and

 soot accumulation on the interior surfaces due to hundreds of candles and oil lamps, he found a very creative solution: the design of the mosque has created a ventilating current which brought all the soot to a special chamber situated over the entrance portal. The soot collected here was used to produce ink used in calligraphy employed in firmans, the imperial edicts. Yet another stroke of genius was employed in the central dome of the mosque. He placed 255 pots into the fabric of the dome and by doing so he improved the acoustics of the building and its thermal insulation. It was built as a multi minaret mosque. If a mosque has more than one minaret, it means that it was built either by a sultan or by some member of his royal household.

The other buildings of the complex extend over a large area and each building is rich and beautiful in its own way. The domed ceiling of the tomb of Suleyman the Magnificent was inlaid with precious stones and gives the impression that you are looking at the stars on a dark night.

Its wall is clad with splendid Iznik tiles. Another tomb in the courtyard belongs to Hurrem Sultan, the wife of Sultan Suleyman. The complex had 4 madrasahs and each was devoted to a different level of education. Its darussifa (hospital) was built like a modern training hospital. The darussifa had 2 departments, one of which was devoted to patients and the othe was for education. The plain tomb of Mimar Sinan was placed next to the complex as an independent building. Despite creating so many glorious buildings, this master of architecture opted to build a very plain tomb for himself, a fact that can only be explained by his modesty.

The BOTANICAL GARDEN OF ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY is situated behind the Suleymaniye Mosque and office of Istanbul’s mufti. A secret heaven, it has a rich collection of plants from all over the world. A visit is highly recommended; but prior permission is required.